There is considerable controversy surrounding certain dog breeds, particularly when it comes to albino Dobermans and white Dobermans. This debate has persisted for many decades, raising the question of whether the white Doberman and the albino Doberman are one and the same.
Answering this question is not straightforward, as even esteemed kennel clubs, reputable breeders, and geneticists have differing opinions on the matter.
Extensive research conducted over the years has shed light on the fact that the terms “white” and “albino” should not be used interchangeably. In order to assist you in discerning the true significance of these terms, we will delve deeper into their meanings and help you navigate the discussion surrounding the white Doberman versus the albino Doberman.
White Doberman Vs Albino Doberman: Are They the Same?
A white Doberman is the product of inbreeding and is commonly referred to as a partial albino. It is important to note that it is not a true albino Doberman, as it retains some pigmentation in its hair, resulting in a cream-colored appearance rather than pure white.
While there are no significant differences between male and female Dobermans, notable distinctions exist between white and albino Dobermans.
The primary differentiation lies in the fact that albino Dobermans possess a completely white coat and pink eyes due to their lack of pigmentation. Their hair tends to be thin, and they have a single coat without an undercoat. Regrettably, neither white nor albino Dobermans are hypoallergenic, as they shed and can trigger allergies.
According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), both variations of the Doberman breed are susceptible to congenital disabilities.
An additional reason why white Doberman Pinschers and albino Dobermans are not highly sought after is their inability to blend into the darkness. Dobermans were originally bred as guard dogs, expected to seamlessly integrate with their surroundings and vigilantly protect their homes and owners during nighttime. The light-colored coat hinders their effectiveness in fulfilling this role, which can lead to the perception of these Dobermans as having inherent flaws.
The Origin Of The White And Albino Doberman Pinscher
The history and origin of white and albino Dobermans are closely intertwined, leading to understandable confusion among pet owners. However, each type of Doberman has its own unique background. Let us delve into the story of the first white Doberman.
In 1976, the first white Doberman, named Padula’s Queen Sheba or Sheba, was born from two black and rust Dobermans. The Doberman Pinscher Club of America (DPCA), recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), claimed that Sheba was an albino, lacking any pigmentation. However, some geneticists argue that she was actually a cream-colored Doberman with residual pigment.
Sheba, unlike previous white Dobermans, managed to avoid euthanasia and gained recognition. It is important to note that there is limited historical literature on white Dobermans.
The emergence of Sheba’s white coat sparked a question among experts: Was she a purebred Doberman Pinscher? Eventually, in 1978, her owner successfully proved to the AKC that she was indeed a purebred Doberman, and she was registered under the number WE166747.
Now, let us pause and consider an intriguing fact. Sheba, born from two non-white Dobermans, produced a white puppy. This raises the question of how such a result was possible and how it continues to be possible today.
The answer is straightforward, albeit not without controversy. Sheba was bred to her own offspring, and all current white Dobermans descend from this bloodline. Unfortunately, this ongoing inbreeding weakens the white Doberman line, resulting in subsequent generations that are thinner and smaller than their ancestors.
White Doberman Vs Albino: Appearance Differences
To gain a comprehensive understanding of the distinction between a white Doberman and an albino Doberman, it is crucial to examine their appearance traits.
White Doberman:
White Dobermans are not entirely white in color; they exhibit a light cream hue with white markings. Several distinguishing features set them apart from albino Dobermans, including blue eyes, a pink nose, and pink eye rims. Unlike true albino dogs, white Dobermans display noticeable pigmentation on their skin.
Here is a detailed overview of the physical characteristics of white Dobermans:
- Head: The head is long and assumes a blunt wedge shape in both profile and frontal views, gradually widening towards the ears.
- Eyes: Almond-shaped and light blue in color.
- Ears: The ears are cropped and remain erect.
- Neck: Well-muscled, well-arched neck that widens towards the body.
- Body: The body is compactly built, powerful, muscular, and of medium size.
- Chest: A broad chest and a well-defined forechest.
- Coat: The coat is smooth, short, close-lying, and thick.
- Height: Males typically stand between 26 to 28 inches, while females range from 24 to 26 inches.
- Weight: Males generally weigh between 75 to 100 pounds, while females weigh approximately 60 to 90 pounds.
Please note that due to the continuous inbreeding within the white Doberman line, some individuals may exhibit reduced weight or height.
Albino Doberman
The term “albino” specifically refers to puppies with albinism, rather than the white coloration of a dog’s coat.
Albino Dobermans do not possess a cream tint on their skin like white Dobermans. True albino Dobermans have a completely white coloration due to the absence of pigmentation.
Here is an overview of the physical characteristics of an albino Doberman:
- Head: Resembles that of white Dobermans, featuring a blunt-looking head that gradually widens towards the ears.
- Eyes: The eyes exhibit pinkish blood vessels, giving them a pink appearance. This is a notable distinguishing feature.
- Ears: The ears are cropped and remain erect, mirroring the characteristics of white Dobermans.
- Neck: The neck is strong and well-muscled.
- Body: Albino Dobermans possess a compact, muscular, and powerful body.
- Chest: They have a broad chest with a well-carved forechest.
- Coat: Albino Dobermans have a short and smooth white coat with a pinkish tinge.
- Height: Males typically stand between 26 to 28 inches, while females range from 24 to 26 inches.
- Weight: Males generally weigh between 75 to 100 pounds, while females weigh approximately 60 to 90 pounds.
White Doberman Vs Albino Doberman: Differences In Temperament
Temperament is an important aspect to consider when comparing white Dobermans and albino Dobermans. Let’s explore any potential differences in character and temperament between these two variations.
White Doberman
While the size of Dobermans may appear intimidating to some, they are not inherently dangerous dogs. There is no substantial evidence to support claims of undesirable temperament. However, certain breeders and kennel clubs attribute negative behaviors to white Dobermans due to a focus on achieving specific coat colors at the expense of overall health.
Any faults in temperament that may arise are a result of unethical breeding practices rather than the natural behavior of the dog. Aggression is a potential issue in these Dobermans, unlike other Doberman colors known for their loyalty and calm demeanor. It may be possible to modify aggressive behavior through training, although further research is needed in this area.
Albino Doberman
The challenges associated with albino Dobermans extend beyond temperament. These dogs are prone to various health issues resulting from their deleterious mutation. They tend to be more fearful compared to Dobermans of other colors. Additionally, albino Dobermans may be more challenging to train due to their lower intelligence.
The development of a well-balanced temperament depends significantly on the dog owner’s efforts. However, the success rate may not be as high with albino Dobermans. Therefore, if you are seeking a smart and obedient puppy, exploring other Doberman colors may yield surprising results.
All White Doberman Vs Albino Doberman: Let’s Talk The Genetics
The distinction between white Dobermans and albino Dobermans lies in their genetics. Understanding the genetic factors behind their coat colors and the presence or absence of albinism is crucial for distinguishing between the two.
White Doberman
As we have established, not all dogs with a white coat color can be classified as albino. However, this distinction is often overlooked by dog enthusiasts and even breeders. White Dobermans are considered partially albino, although it is important to clarify that they do not fit the traditional definition of albinism.
White Dobermans retain some degree of pigmentation in specific areas of their coat due to their melanin production. This is likely because they are tyrosinase-positive, in contrast to albino dogs.
Tyrosinase is an enzyme responsible for melanin production, which determines the color of a dog’s coat, eyes, and nose. Being tyrosinase-positive allows white Dobermans to exhibit cream-colored coat pigmentation and white markings.
Albino Doberman
True albino Dobermans have completely white skin with a pinkish tint. They possess a genetic mutation known as tyrosinase-negative, which results in the absence of pigments responsible for coloration in dogs.
Albinism occurs when the slc45a2 gene fails to transport proteins that are essential for melanin synthesis. It can be further categorized into ocular albinism and oculocutaneous albinism.
Experts believe that this mutation is caused by a recessive gene inherited from the parents of albino Dobermans. This same gene is also responsible for the health issues commonly observed in albino Dobermans, such as deafness.
Lifespan And Health Issues
There is no scientific evidence to support any difference in life expectancy between a white Doberman and an albino Doberman, nor is there any distinction in comparison to standard-colored Dobermans. Both white and albino Dobermans can live for approximately 10 to 13 years, similar to other Doberman colors. However, it is important to note that their lifespan can be influenced by their overall health.
Health Issues
Both white Dobermans and albino Dobermans are susceptible to certain health issues, including:
• Skin Sensitivity: Due to their lack of melanin, which provides color and absorbs solar radiation, white and albino Dobermans have sensitive skin. Symptoms of this condition may include excessive scratching, hair loss, and dry patches. Preventive measures such as limiting sun exposure, using protective clothing like pet shirts and hats, and consulting with a veterinarian regarding sunscreen application can help manage this sensitivity.
• Photophobia: Blue eyes in white Dobermans and clear irises in albino Dobermans make them prone to photosensitivity. Insufficient pigmentation results in a reduced ability to filter light, potentially leading to vision problems and even blindness. Using goggles can protect their eyes from excessive brightness and preserve their retinas.
• Sunburn: Inadequate sun protection can cause sunburn in Dobermans, particularly those with white coats. A pinkish tint on the coat is one of the initial signs of sunburn. Proper clothing and the application of sunblock are essential preventive measures.
• Skin Cancer: Prolonged sun exposure without protection can lead to skin cancer, including melanoma, which is a serious and potentially fatal condition. Adequate sun protection is crucial in preventing this health concern.
• Tumors: White and albino Dobermans have a higher incidence of skin tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma and mast cell tumors. Treatment options vary depending on the type and location of the tumor.
• Deafness: There is a strong association between the white coat color and albino Dobermans and hereditary deafness. Research indicates that specific pigmentation patterns can contribute to deafness in dogs. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for this congenital condition, and most albino dogs will remain deaf.
• Neurological Problems: The absence of melanin in white and albino dogs can impact brain functions due to the lack of specific receptors. The extent and nature of these neurological issues are unpredictable.
If concerns about these health issues arise but you still desire a Doberman puppy, exploring Doberman mixes such as the Doberman Pitbull mix or the Cane Corso Doberman mix may be worth considering. These mixes can offer a similarly affectionate temperament with potentially fewer health complications.
White Doberman Vs Albino Doberman: Which Costs More?
The cost of a white Doberman or an albino Doberman can vary depending on the breeder you choose. It is important to note that unethical breeders may prioritize the dog’s color over its health and temperament, leading to potential health issues and unfavorable temperaments in these dogs.
It is crucial to be cautious when selecting a breeder to avoid being misled or paying excessively for a puppy with health concerns. Prices for these puppies can range from $800 to $2,500 on average, which may seem high considering the potential health issues associated with purebred Dobermans of these colors.
Are Albino And White Dobermans Rare?
Yes, that is correct.
Both white Dobermans and albino Dobermans are considered rare dogs due to their origins through inbreeding, and not many breeders are authorized to breed them. Additionally, major kennel clubs discourage their reproduction due to the significant health issues associated with these color variations.
As a result of their recessive genes, albino Dobermans are even rarer than white Dobermans.
It is unlikely to find a white Doberman or an albino Doberman in local animal shelters, as these dogs are not commonly found there.
Inbreeding White Dobermans
As you may already be aware, the production of white Dobermans involves a process called inbreeding. The first white Doberman, Sheba, was bred to her son to continue the line of white Dobermans. Subsequent generations were then bred to their siblings in order to further develop the white Doberman lineage. It is important to note that this practice of close mating is considered unethical.
Inbreeding can lead to a range of health problems that significantly impact the overall well-being and lifespan of the dogs. Unfortunately, there is limited clarity regarding the lineage and breeding practices of many white Dobermans today. It is uncertain whether they are direct descendants of Sheba and her offspring.
This situation is concerning as it indicates that some backyard breeders are intentionally breeding white Dobermans, despite the strong opposition from organizations such as the American Kennel Club (AKC) and the Doberman Pinscher Club of America (DPCA). It is crucial to prioritize responsible breeding practices and the welfare of the dogs to ensure their long-term health and well-being.
What The DPCA Says On White Vs Albino Dobermans
The Doberman Pinscher Club of America (DPCA) takes a firm stance against the breeding of white and albino Dobermans. According to the DPCA, these dogs are considered the same and are not supported due to concerns about their health and overall welfare. The club believes that the pursuit of the specific white color has often resulted in the disregard of the dogs’ well-being and genetic defects.
In order to preserve the essential characteristics of the Doberman Pinscher breed, responsible breeding programs should prioritize the health and quality of the dogs. To reflect this, the DPCA made amendments to the Doberman Pinscher breed standard in 1982. The standard specifies acceptable colors as black, blue, red, and fawn Dobermans with tan markings. White patches on the body should not exceed 1/2 square inch, which effectively disqualifies white dogs.
As a result of this breed standard, white and albino Dobermans are unable to compete in conformation shows, as their unique coat color and genetic mutation are considered disqualifying factors. However, they are still eligible to participate in other events such as agility, rally, obedience, and tracking.
Z-Tracking Of The White Doberman Vs The Albino Doberman
In an effort to identify Dobermans that may be descendants of Sheba, the American Kennel Club (AKC) implemented a system where the letter Z was added to the registration number of these dogs. This was intended to indicate that the dog might carry albinistic genes. The Doberman Pinscher Club of America (DPCA) maintained a directory known as the Z list, which included white and albino Dobermans. However, to provide more accurate information, the DPCA started using the letters WZ instead of just Z.
As it became apparent that the AKC was continuing to register white and albino dogs despite the concerns raised, the DPCA urged the kennel club to establish a distinct method for recognizing the descendants of Sheba. The DPCA emphasizes the importance of this distinction to prevent the unintended registration of dogs unrelated to Sheba, such as fawn-colored Dobermans.
According to the DPCA, since 1998, the Z list has proved invaluable in identifying the descendants of Sheba. However, there have been instances where dogs not related to Sheba were mistakenly listed, causing confusion among Doberman enthusiasts. The AKC acknowledged this as an honest mistake, attributing it to the complexity of color identification, particularly for new breeders.
At present, the Z list contains over 47,000 white and albino Dobermans. The list begins with Sheba’s parents and includes her littermates as well.
White Doberman Vs Albino Doberman: Current Status
Even after 44 years since the first white Doberman was discovered, white Dobermans continue to face significant disapproval from kennel clubs and Doberman organizations. This sentiment extends to their albino counterparts as well. Both white and albino Dobermans exhibit congenital defects that contribute to the development of certain diseases, ultimately impacting the overall lifespan of these dogs.
There is a growing concern among geneticists that these traits have deteriorated with each subsequent generation due to the practice of inbreeding. As a result, there are now many white and albino Dobermans whose lineage is unknown, adding further complexity to their status within the breed.
Should You Buy White Or Albino Dobermans?
Before making a decision to get a white or albino Doberman, it’s important to consider both the pros and cons associated with these dogs. We have compiled a list to help you assess the advantages and disadvantages:
Pros:
• Some breeders conduct health tests, providing information about potential diseases the puppy may carry.
• The increasing prevalence of inbreeding raises concerns, approaching levels comparable to standard breeding practices.
• Skin problems, including color dilution alopecia, can affect standard color Dobermans as well, indicating that sensitive skin is not exclusive to white and albino dogs.
• The dog’s temperament issues can be attributed solely to the breeder’s responsibility.
• Light and blue eyes are not considered defects in humans, so they should not be seen as defects in Dobermans.
• The Canine Eye Registry Foundation has registered many white and albino Dobermans, suggesting that they are not inherently prone to congenital eye problems.
It is important to note that these arguments are anecdotal and not scientifically proven, based on the accounts of white and albino Doberman enthusiasts.
Cons:
• Scientific evidence indicates that these dogs are susceptible to various health issues.
• Inbreeding, due to the limited gene pool, leads to unstable dogs.
• Breeders often prioritize color over temperament and health issues when selecting breeding stock.
• CERF certification does not address all areas of the eyes affected by gene mutations.
• Proper care for white and albino Dobermans requires significant effort and a substantial financial commitment.
Considering these factors will help you make an informed decision, weighing the potential risks and responsibilities associated with owning a white or albino Doberman.
Final Thoughts
The purpose of this article is to provide information on the distinctions between a white Doberman and an albino Doberman, enabling readers to make an informed decision regarding ownership.
It is essential to recognize that these dogs require diligent care and responsible ownership. Meeting their specific needs can be challenging, requiring dedication and commitment. Before considering owning a white or albino Doberman, it is important to assess whether you possess the qualities and resources necessary to be a responsible and capable owner.
By understanding the unique characteristics, health concerns, and care requirements of these dogs, you can make an informed judgment about your suitability as a white Doberman or albino Doberman owner.
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